This volume presents a compilation of recent scientific studies in the field of biology. It covers topics such as drug-herb interactions, broodstock management in hermaphroditic fish species, biological characteristics and invasive status of Gambusia holbrooki populations, bio-pesticidal effects of algae, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of bryophytes, mycorrhizal symbiosis amidst climate change, and the nutritional composition and health impacts of blueberries. The section on drug-herb interactions details pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, emphasizing the role of St. John's Wort in drug metabolism. Research on broodstock management highlights sex change processes and aquaculture implications in hermaphroditic fish. The study on G. holbrooki populations from Lake Ilgın analyzes environmental factors, morphometric data, growth patterns, and sex ratios. Algal extracts demonstrate antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal properties and indicate potential as sustainable biopesticides. Investigations into bryophytes reveal significant phenolic and flavonoid contents correlating with antioxidant activity, underscoring their medicinal value. Mycorrhizal fungi are shown to contribute crucially to soil health, plant water relations, and climate resilience, facilitating nutrient exchange and biodiversity. Finally, blueberries are described as nutrient-dense fruits rich in polyphenols like anthocyanins, with demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits pertinent to cardiometabolic health. Geographic distribution and phenotypic variability of Vaccinium species are also summarized. The collected studies provide insights vital for sustainable agriculture, aquaculture, environmental management, and human health.