Multidisciplinary Approaches in Biology explores contemporary biological research through an integrative framework that connects molecular, environmental, microbiological, and biotechnological perspectives. The volume emphasizes how advances in metagenomics, next-generation sequencing, microbial biotechnology, bioinformatics, and pharmaceutical microbiology have transformed the investigation of microbial diversity, ecosystem functioning, and clinically relevant biological processes. Its chapters address the structure and function of microbial communities, methodological innovations in sequencing-based analysis, and applications ranging from bioplastics derived from psychrophilic microalgae to bacterially synthesized nanoparticles, biofertilizers, biomaterials with antimicrobial properties, and genetically modified crops. In addition to environmental and industrial topics, the book presents current insights into epigenetic mechanisms, enzyme-based cancer therapies, and cellular protease functions, demonstrating the convergence of molecular biology with medical and agricultural sciences. Methodologically, the work highlights both classical and modern experimental approaches—including culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, bioinformatics pipelines for metagenome processing, and advanced diagnostic and analytical tools—illustrating their complementary roles in addressing complex biological questions. Collectively, the volume contributes to the biological sciences by synthesizing diverse research areas into a coherent understanding of how biological systems operate across multiple scales, from genes and enzymes to ecosystems and biotechnological applications.